Military Spending And Cost Analysis Essay Research free essay sample

Military Spending And Cost Analysis Essay, Research Paper Presentation: Waste IN THE PENTAGONS BUDGETMany in Congress and the Department of Defense ( DoD ) contend that there is non a penny to spare in the Pentagons spending plan and that the military is directly on the fringe of holding inadequate ability to run into the security dangers to this state. There are numerous costly and unneeded arms frameworks started to fight the Cold War that delay because of bureaucratism at an expense of one million a large number of dollars yearly to Americans. In add-on to these uneconomical buys, a reappraisal of the current military spending shows solid waste in different nations, including: # 183 ; Corporate sponsorships to guard contractual workers of about $ 10 billion yearly. # 183 ; An antediluvian and poorly managed bookkeeping framework following in 10s of one million a great many additional buys, additional stock records, and unneeded dispensing by the DoD. # 183 ; Undertakings embedded into the barrier financial plan by lawgivers reason on sec uring re-appointment from specific association lobbyists. Portion taken from hypertext move convention:/www.fas.orgUS Military SpendingOver the last decennary, our resistance financial plan has just diminished to a third of what it was during the Cold War. During the stature of the Cold War our safeguard financial plan was over $ 400 billion yearly in current dollars. Our present Budget for FY 2000 is simply a unimportant $ 290.6 billion. Last hebdomad the Joint Chiefs had endeavored to do damagess with congressional pioneers sing the DoD spending plan, saying that our readiness has been brought to that of pre-World War II age. Article: As the twenty-first century starts the United States faces an uncertain security condition. The danger of planetary war stays inaccessible with the destruction of the Soviet Union, and a terminal to Communism in Eastern Europe. The U.S. financial framework keeps on blasting, associations with cardinal Alliess, for example, NATO companions, Japan, South Korea, and others are solid and go oning to suit effecti vely to run into today s challenges. Previous rivals like Russia and other previous individuals from the Warsaw Pact, presently help out the United States over an extent of security issues. Numerous known to mankind consider the To be States as a Global Police Force. This is clear in our proceeded with nearness in such problem areas as the Demilitarized Zone encompassing North and South Korea, the absolutely authorized No-Fly Zones in Iraq, and our proceeded with harmony keeping up endeavors in the Balkans.Current Security ChallengesDespite these advancements in the global condition, the universe is as yet a perplexing and perilous topographic point. While there is extraordinary uncertainness about how the United States will go up against significant security challenges in the coming mature ages. It very well may be noticed that there is not, at this point the dread of surge from any significant World force. Our essential concern currently is the danger of an attack from any figure of rebel states, expresses that may non hold the work power, or military to take a completely fledged invasion on the United States. A portion of the kinds of dangers that despite everything compromise universe harmony are depicted inside the accompanying not many pages.Cross Border ConflictsSome states will proceed to imperil the regional sway of different states in parts basic to our national contributions. In Iraq, Saddam Hussein keeps on introducing a danger to his neighbors and to the free progression of oil from the part. North Korea despite everything represents a very capricious hazard in vindictiveness of its edgy financial and human-focused conditions. Different territories could be aggressors as acceptable. In East Asia, for delineation, sway issues and a few regional contrasts stay potential beginnings of battle. Numerous instances of cross limit line hostility will be little in graduated table, in the coming mature ages it is entirely conceivable that more than one terr itorial force will hold both the thought process and the organizations to introduce a military hazard to U.S. interests.Conflict Within a NationPolitical power other than cross limit line power can other than jeopardize U.S. associations. This incorporates common wars, interior hostility ( for example by a territory against its ain individuals or by one social gathering against another. For example, the et hnic purging welcomed on by Slobodan Milosevic ) outfitted uprisings, and common bothers. These occasions can jeopardize U.S. inclusions since they may disseminate past the people in question, passing on mediation by outside forces, influence U.S. financial contributions, or put at danger the security and great being of American residents in the part. In any event, when of import U.S. associations, for example, oil, or the wellbeing of American Citizens in the part are non compromised, the United States has a human-focused contribution in ensuring the security, great being, and opportunity of the individuals influenced. This is one of our essential reason for moving as the chief peacekeeping power in the Balkans. Risky Military TechnologiesThe improvement, industry and use of cutting edge arms and engineerings with military or fear monger uses, including nuclear, concoction, or natural arms ( NBC ) and their organizations of sending will go on regardless of the best endeavors of the global network to hold such cases. The business and use of these arms and engineerings could straight imperil the United States, destabilize different pieces of national contribution, and increment the figure of potential adversaries with significant military capablenesss, including littler regions and gatherings threatening to the United States and our Alliess. The expanding spread of military engineerings other than raises the strength for countermeasures to U.S. capablenesss, as adversaries could attempt to use these arms and engineerings to destabilize or current overwhelming military capability.What is of particular concern is the turning danger of a ballistic rocket attack on the United States. The threat of rocket invasion, which was one time thought to be inaccessible, is turning essentially as rebel states, for example, North Korea and Iran look to create and trade long degree ballistic rocket capablenesss. Despite the fact that the figure of ballistic rockets of such states fit for making U.S. soil is acceptable under the 10s of 1000s that the Soviet Union had at the stature of the virus war, the threat of simply one creation the United States is still at that place. Moreover, the chance of an unapproved or coincidental dispatch from Russia or the Peoples Republic of China stays an existent concern ; it has gotten overpoweringly more uncertain. Global ThreatsThe colossal extent of states or people that can affect U.S. what's more, planetary security and the stableness will likely turn in its capacity and figure. Progressively proficient and savage fear based oppressors, Osama Bin Laden for delineation, have straight compromised the lives of American residents and their foundations and will try to disrupt U.S. approaches and confederations. Fear monger assaults, for example, the bombardments of the U.S. Government offices in East Africa or the Trade Center bombarding in New York will be coordinated non just against U.S. residents and Alliess abroad however next to against U.S. locale. The offices utilized by psychological oppressors could incorporate customary invasions, data fighting, or even NBC arms. These assaults should be possible freely or with the reinforcement of their decent state ( perchance in light of customary battle with the United States somewhere else known to mankind ) and will be logically complex in purposeful publicity, and political tasks. Illicit medication exchange, buccaneering, global composed offense and exercises planned for denying U.S. dish to crucial vitality supplies and cardinal vital assets will capacity to disrupt the authenticity of benevolent authoritiess. This may other than interfere with cardinal parts fundamental to nat ional contribution, ocean paths, exchange ways, and imperil the wellbeing and great being of U.S. residents at spot and abroad.Humanitarian ReliefHumanitarian emergencies can other than sway U.S. contributions and has been basic in the help of our military. Fizzled authoritiess, immersions, deficiencies, tropical storms, and different calamities will proceed to occur, on occasion requiring the alone capablenesss of U.S. military powers and those of the United Nations to flexibly stableness, disaster lightening, and different signifiers of exigency help.

Method to Detect and Mitigate Data Breach in Mobile Devices - Samples

Question: Talk about the Method to Detect and Mitigate Data Breach in Mobile Devices. Answer: Presentation The identification and relief of information penetrates in cell phones isn't a simple assignment. Some propelled apparatuses and methods are required to use to dispose of this issue. Be that as it may, before start conversation about moderation of information penetrates, it is imperative to talk about normally experienced information breaks by clients and how they put sway on their cell phones. After investigation, some basic information breaks are discovered identified with cell phones, for example, Spyware, Mobile Botnets, Ad and Click Fraud, Dead Apps and IoT Malware. In next fragments of this report I might want to concentrate on these information infringement in detail and furthermore feature techniques to determine this issue with writing audits (Hamblen, 2017). Basic Data Breaches in Mobile Devices Following is detail conversation about information fakes in cell phones: Spyware It is one of the defenseless information breaks in cell phones. Spyware programming is utilized by programmers to get to corporate system, databases and PC frameworks. Besides, it is additionally used to discover approaches to contaminate cell phones. It is found by specialists that this product can be worked both on iOS and Android gadgets. Pegasus is a typical case of spyware that is utilized by digital hoodlums to hack iPhone or iPad for collecting information (Doug Olenick et al., 2017). Versatile Botnets Today, new malware can possibly change over hosts of cell phones into botnet which is constrained by programmers and proprietor of cell phone doesn't have any information about this. This is extremely risky that with no notification of portable client their information is taken by programmers. As per investigation it is discovered that the main objective of botnets was Android gadgets (Porter, 2012). Around then, programmers utilized intermediary IP delivers to veil promotion clicks and to create income from those snaps. After this information penetrate of botnets, some other information breaks were additionally discovered, for example, Hummingbad that contaminated in excess of 10 million Android based working frameworks. Under this assault, clients detail was gotten without information on them and offered to other people. Advertisement and Click Fraud It is additionally an unsafe kind of information cheats that is directed in cell phones and just as on different gadgets. This extortion has gotten a matter of worry for each client since overwhelming misfortunes are experienced because of this helpless assault. It is an approach to get inner access of system of an association by programmers. By doing this, aggressors send SMS phish to versatile clients with a connection and record connection, when client taps on interface then a noxious application naturally download into his portable that can harm boot documents and database dwells into that gadget. In addition, it is additionally conceivable that aggressors can get to hold of cell phone without approval and can take login certifications (Leitner, 2017). Dead Apps Dead Apps in cell phones have additionally become a principle worry of information cheats. It is fundamental for clients of cell phones to refresh and screen their portable applications normally. In the event that those are applications are not, at this point bolstered by Google or Apple stores at that point erase them. Programmers exploit dead applications to hurt your gadgets in any potential manner. That is the reason supporter organizations of these gadgets don't investigate rundown of applications that further require no updates since programmers will attempt to abuse these applications. In this way, it will be better that clients keep themselves mindful about these worries. IoT Malware IoT malware information break is identified with Internet of Things. There are numerous bundles of IoT malware have come into showcase that are putting effect on cell phones. Surely, IoT is association of cell phones and other media transmission gadgets. That is the reason it is for programmers to utilize IoT malware to assault on cell phones to satisfy their hacking purposes (The ChannelPro Network, 2017). Along these lines, above talked about ways are profoundly defenseless that are utilized by digital aggressors to actualize information penetrating in cell phones. After this entire conversation, it is cleared that discovery instruments of breaking must be utilized appropriately both at designers and clients premise. Before pushing ahead towards conversation of these strategies, writing survey is required to evaluate in regards to counteraction of cell phones from information breaks. Writing Review about Mitigate Data Breaches in Mobile Devices As indicated by examination, it is discovered that a few analysts want to execute data security procedure to dispose of this issue of information penetrates in cell phones. This security methodology will assist with using cell phones in a protected manner by giving attention to clients that what sort of devices must be utilized to dispose of issue of information breaks and how versatile can keep secure from obscure infection assaults (Wang, 2005). As per Ernust and Young (2012), with the progression of innovations, dangers of its security and protection are additionally expanding step by step. Along these lines, without an appropriate arranging and methodology, the discovery and counteraction is preposterous. Data security procedure assists with lessening all dangers in regards to security and protection of information. The built up IS systems comprises of counteraction, location, reaction and compartmentalization and duplicity (Sveen, 2009). The counteraction is the most widely reco gnized security procedure for shielding data resources from infection assaults. Here firewall is the best case of anticipation which is in-worked in working frameworks for shielding PC frameworks and cell phones from outside assaults (Ahmad et. al. 2012). Next fundamental methodology of data security is location and its point is to recognize noxious conduct of interruption or assaults on information. Here IDS for example Interruption Detection Systems are profoundly liked to use by security specialists. These frameworks permit clients to perform persistent sweep of their gadgets to identify security inconsistencies (Cavusoglu et al. 2005). Reaction methodology is one of the powerful IS techniques. As indicated by Ahmad (2012), subsequent to distinguishing an assault, this system gives direction to clients with respect to usage of fitting security countermeasures (The ChannelPro Network, 2017). Both recognition and reaction techniques are comparing to one another in light of the fact that without reaction there is no importance of identification. The greater part of the reaction techniques for the most part allude to recuperation and response. Moreover, separation technique likewise assumes a significant job in identification and relief of information penetrates. The primary of point of detachment is to trap interlopers in a controlled zone of system of cell phones to evaluate their activities. This system is essentially known as double dealing technique (Hu et al. 2011). From above conversation it is cleared that how data security technique can be useful to keep up protection from information breaks in cell phones and just as on other PC frameworks. That is the reason it will be better for clients of cell phones to concentrate on legitimate execution of these systems to control issues of information cheats. Further, I might want to examine some normally utilized discovery and moderation strategies for information breaks. Other than these security procedures, these techniques are anything but difficult to utilize (Rouse, 2017). Techniques for discovery of Data Breaches in Mobile Devices First basic technique for discovery and moderation of information penetrates is utilization of hostile to infection. Hostile to infection programming is effectively accessible on the web and can be downloaded into cell phones. Hostile to infection programming arrangement can possibly distinguish and relieve malware from gadgets with a single tick. After design of this product, antivirus begins sweep of entire framework, distinguishes bugs and gives ready messages to clients about fixing of bugs. In any case, it is vital for client to get progressed and incredible antivirus that can appropriately play out this activity (Wood, 2012). Next basic strategy for relief of information breaks is utilization of encryption techniques. In the event that systems of cell phones will be encoded, at that point it will be hard for programmers to hack information from these systems that is sent and gotten by portable clients. This strategy of encryption and unscrambling is known as cryptography (Cheng, Liu and Yao, 2017). It is an ensured strategy to determine issue of information penetrates and there is necessity to utilize a decoding key to unscramble the information which isn't effectively open to clients. Besides, programming updates or fixes are likewise wanted to use for identification and moderation of information dangers. A working framework without security fixes and refreshes is viewed as frail and programmers can undoubtedly control gadgets of clients and can get to data from databases. Previously, actualizing security patches, it is important to realize that security patches set aside effort to execute then it is important to get direction from senior specialists. Other than these above talked about strategies, customary updates of programming that are introduced on cell phones, are likewise required. These updates increment level of security in cell phones by making it all the more impressive against powerless assaults. It is obligation of clients to know about these normal updates. Next significant strategy for location and moderation of information penetrates in cell phones is to give legitimate information to clients about detail and security principles about cell phones. By doing this, clients will know about significant assaults and will make their framework increasingly secure. Also, by thinking about security principles, clients will gauge security and protection of their gadgets and on the off chance that any difficult will happen, at that point they can make use instruments and methods appropriately. Along these lines, by utilizing above talked about programming arrangements, moderation and discovery of information fakes both should be possible without any problem. While utilizing every one of these techniques, clients ought to have legitimate information about its usage, else they can take help of experts. Other than this, engineers ought to know about new sort of information penetrates, infection assaults and ought to create propelled instruments and strategies to determine this issue (Anderson, 2017).

Visiting Colleges - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Visiting Colleges - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Visiting Colleges At this time of year, our office starts to move its focus from the incoming freshman class to the rising junior and senior classes in high school. We will still be doing a great deal of programs for incoming freshmen, but April/May is the beginning of the transition time for our office. As such, I had lunch with a good friend of mine, Eric Johnson, who is the Director of the UGA Visitors Center. Here are his suggestions for high school underclassmen on the most important things to do when you visit a college: Remixing the college road trip: Make your college quest an excellent adventure. It is good to have an end to journey toward, but its the journey that matters in the end. Ursula Leguin So, youre planning to begin visiting college campuses on your quest to find your dream school. Certainly, you should visit before you make a decision and commit to attending a school. I assume that, but I know many students who have never set foot on a campus until they move in. Thats not a good idea. You wouldnt buy a car without at least a brief test drive. So, look at your tour of colleges as your way of kicking the tires of schools so that you can make an educated decision about the school you choose. Here are some suggestions to help you make the most of your college road trip: Visit multiple and varying schools. Dont be content to visit just the one school you think is your dream school. Even if youre certain of your choice, plan to visit at least another campus or two for comparisons sake. And try to visit schools that are different in nature. Visit a large state university and a small private college. Look at an urban campus and a rural campus. You might be surprised by what you find. Even if your expectations about a school are confirmed, you will at least be more confident in your decision and less likely to face regret halfway through your freshman year. Talk to actual students. Admissions professionals and other campus administrators are great resources, but current students are the real deal. They are living the experience that youre only imagining. So, seek out every opportunity to talk with actual, living, breathing college students attending the schools youre considering. Understand that one student wont speak for all, so keep any generalizations in perspective. Usually, campus tours are led by currently enrolled students. Dont be shy. Ask them whatever youre most curious about. Dont just stare blankly at your tour leader during your tour experience. Engage and interact with them. Tour leaders appreciate an audience that participates. Be a great audience member on the tour. Your attentiveness and interaction will bring out the best in those leading your tour. You may not be able to converse in detail during the tour, so plan to stick around after the tour if you want to have an indepth conversation. And dont be reluctant to strike up conversations with random students you encounter on the campus. Some tour leaders may only share the positives or the official script endorsed by officials at their school. Other students might be more frank. Ask for directions of anyone carrying a book bag on campus, and theyre most likely eager to help and may be just as eager to answer your questions about campus life in general. I was touring a campus once when a random student walked by and yelled out to the tour group, Dont come to this school. I was surprised by this and thought it was a prank pulled on the tour guide. Later, I talked to another student on that campus who told me that was a normal, sincere occurence at that school. It was such a challenging atmosphere academically and socially there that it had become a tradition among many current students to warn passing tour groups. This is information that definitely was not part of the tour script. The student, not the parents, should take the lead. As a former Admissions professional, I sat in countless meetings with families where the prospective student barely said a word. Parents often said things like, We are in interested in pre-medicine. Or, We dont test well. Whose college experience is this going to be? Yours or your parents? Conversely, I was always impressed by a student who walked into my office with questions they clearly had considered carefully before arriving and whose family allowed them to take the lead in the conversation. Your family should want to be involved in the search process and they most likely will be paying the bills, but ultimately you have to live with the decision that you make. So, take ownership of the search process. Take the lead in planning which schools to visit. Im encouraged when I find that its the student who actually has made the tour reservation and scouted out the logistics of their college search. Be the first to ask questions of those you meet with on campus. Its gre at for your family members to care about this process and support you however they can, but you need to be the one to own this decision. Talk with your family members before a campus visit and let them know you value their input, but you want to be the one to take the initiative in the search to find a good match for your college experience. Eat the food. Almost every campus tour you experience will include praise of the campus meal plan. Dont take their word for it. Go eat in a campus dining hall during your visit if you can. If youre going to eat three meals a day there or more throughout your college career, make sure you like the food. Its also a great place to encounter current, unscripted students who can give you more insight about that school. Consider the community beyond the campus. Make sure you get a sense of the kind of community that will become your home away from home beyond just the college campus. Check out the town the college is in and ask students what its like to live there. Some want to live in a place with a wide variety of social and cultural opportunities. Others may prefer a quiet community with minimal distractions. Determine whats important to you in the place that will be your home for four years or more. Listen to your head, but trust your heart. Weigh the logical factors you should consider: cost of attendance, academic programs offered, opportunities beyond the classroom, academic caliber of the student body, etc. But, ultimately, I think you have to just feel right about the school you choose.Ive heard many students say, I just walked on campus and knew this was the place for me. I think theres something to that. Now, dont ignore reason and logic or your familys budget. But do trust your instincts about the place that you hope will be your future alma mater. You want to find a place where you can own the choice you made. And you want to find a place where you can come alive and become the student and person you aspire to be. Make the college search a fun quest. Go with family. Go with friends. Seek out unique experiences and get off the beaten path a bit as you explore your options and plan your future. You will not regret the time and effort you put into this adventure. Twenty years from now you will be more disappointed by the things that you didnt do than by the ones you did do. So throw off the bowlines. Sail away from the safe harbor. Catch the trade winds in your sails. Explore. Dream. Discover. Mark Twain

John Locke And Jacques Rousseau - 1325 Words

Philosophy 5/4/2016 1. While both John Locke and Jacques Rousseau trusted that each ought to be free and that nobody ought to need to surrender his/her natural rights to a lord, both contrasted on what this situation ought to resemble. Locke had confidence in restricted, delegate government. However, Rousseau had faith in direct government by the general population. The contrasts between John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau need to do as much with dispositions as with frameworks. Both of them upheld political radicalism and religious resistance; however their originations of human instinct contrasted. Rousseau feels that people are inalienably great and that human advancement and customary educating are adulterating impacts. He sees feelings and assumptions as more critical that Locke does. (Elahi) Both Locke and Rousseau concur that the primary route for a social contract to safeguard the privileges of the General Will is for finished inclusion. Rousseau demands the individuals who don t join the settl ement are oblivious to the points of interest of a social contract. These maniacs must be compelled to see the light of the social contract and in this way forced to be free. In a more brutal perspective, Locke sees the inability to join the social get an assault on the safeguarding of humanity and this violator ought to rebuff. That is because the individuals, who abuse the particular law, disregard the safeguarding of humankind. There is a considerable measure ofShow MoreRelatedJohn Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau967 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals would come together to form a society. Two philosophers, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, give their respective opinions on what is the role and purpose of a â€Å"Social Contact’ in their works the â€Å"Second Treatise on Government† and â€Å"Of the Social Contract†. When defining the social contract in the â€Å"Second Treatise on Government†, Locke begins by addressing the state of nature. Similar to other philosophers of his time, Locke states his definition of the state of nature which he describesRead MoreJohn Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau1270 Words   |  6 Pagesimplementation of a society in which all are guaranteed equal rights has never come to fruition. Through political treatise, formulated essay’s, and prototypical society s, many have attempted to recreate the works of famed philosophers: John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Disagreeing regarding the innate goodness of humans, both understand that for a political society to function properly, humans must be given a society in which prosperity is the goal. Therefore, underlying the key theme that cooperationRead MoreJohn Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pageseconomics, goverments and laws. Dating back to 1588,Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Engl ish philosopher, conditional defender of monarchy as the source of civic order (Explorations, 2014).Three philosophers in particular being Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were the key thinkers within the philosophy of social justice, influencing the main idea of a social contract based on their theories, they suggest that the whole of society have been produced by a general social agreement, social contractRead MoreJohn Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau1785 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were both Enlightenment thinkers concerned with the liberties of men. This concern, along with the fact they both believed all men are born into the state of natural equally, induced them to write works concerning a social contract between men. Locke and Rousseau discussed their ideas in the Two Treatises of Government and The Social Contract respectively. Their concerns about liberty in the state of nature led them to generate different accounts of the socialRead MoreJohn Locke vs Jean-Jacques Rousseau.1663 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are great political philosophers that have many similar insights about society and its political form. However, when closely examining the writings of these thinkers, one can easily discover many subtle differences among them. The two philosophers base their theories on different assumptions, which subsequently lead to dissimilar ideas about the origin of society and the constitution of governments. As a result, their views of the development of society greatlyRead MoreThe Writings Of John Locke And Jean Jacques Rousseau1596 Words   |  7 Pageswritings of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau have had a significant impact on the controversy of what constitutes legitimate political power. They both believe in man’s natural mortality, and they also state that creating a social contract and legitimate government is necessary to avoid conflict. Both philosophers ho ld different perspectives and opinions, however they are both concerned with the same question: What renders exercises of a political power legitimate? Rousseau and Locke have severalRead MoreA Summary Of John Locke And Jean-Jacques Rousseau1651 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough education† (Norris, 2017, slide 20). John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were two important philosophers of education who showed an actual respect for children and â€Å"wrote treaties that advocated more child-centered, natural approaches for the development and education of the young† (Platz Arellano, 2011, p.54). Although they differed on the nature vs nurture debate, some teaching methods and the education of girls, Locke and Rousseau did agree on many theories and their influenceRead MoreIdeas Of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, And Jacque Rousseau1805 Words   |  8 PagesThomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jacque Rousseau are all highly regarded as great political philosophers of their time. Many nations have used their strong rhetoric to create their own civil rights and liberties in order to get away from imperial monarchs. Although they had very different ideas compared to one another, their thoughts and essays are studied in depth when thinking about the world of politics today. If one was to look at these three philosophers in today’s political climate, many wouldRead MoreJean-Jacques Rousseau and John Locke: Their Relevance for American Society 1811 Words   |  7 PagesIn Second Treatise on Government and The Social Contract, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau each present and describe their own perceptions of what allows for equality, freedom and democracy. Of the many major ideas developed throughout these texts, the two main distinctions between the two philosophers are natural freedom versus civil freedom and individualism versus collectivism. John Locke, who provided the framework that would allow for liberal democracy, writes that in a state of nature,Read More Comparing John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau2026 Words   |  9 PagesComparing John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau John Locke, John Stuart Mill, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all dealt with the issue of political freedom within a society. John Lockes â€Å"The Second Treatise of Government†, Mills â€Å"On Liberty†, and Rousseau’s â€Å"Discourse On The Origins of Inequality† are influential and compelling literary works which while outlining the conceptual framework of each thinker’s ideal state present divergent visions of the very nature of man and his

Why Do Crimes Occur As Well As What Makes Offenders Commit...

There are several theory’s that have been developed to answer the question of why do crimes occur as well as what makes offenders commit crimes (Lilly, Cullen and Ball, 2011). One of the first theories developed was Classical School theory. Classical theory focuses on the offender as a whole and how he or she wants to commit the crime due to free will (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball, 2011). While reading through an article written in The New York Times, there was a crime that was discussed that has become an important topic in the media. The title of this article is â€Å"Prosecutors to Seek Death Penalty for Dylann Roof in Charleston Shootings†, written by; Chris Dixon. The article was interesting considering it showed the classical theory is still in effect in today’s era. The article’s topic discussed about an offender named Dylann Roof. Roof walked into a church located in Charleston, South Carolina (Dixon, 2015). Dylann Roof sat in a bible study for an hour before he discharged his weapon, killing nine innocent people that ranged in ages, from 26-87 years old (Dixon, 2015). Roof being the age of 21 when the incident occurred, had time to change his judgment, and walk back out of the church with no violence. Classical theory states that free will is what makes law abiding citizens change to violent offenders, and this is what occurred in the Charleston murder case. There was a time while roof was observing the bible study to change his intent and walk out of that church on thatShow MoreRelatedThe Classical School Of Criminology996 Words   |  4 Pagescenturies scientists and researchers have been trying to figure out what makes people commit crimes and what they can do to deter them from committing future crimes. In the 1800’s and th e early 1900’s crimes and the severity of crimes increased. Punishment in this day and time was considered to be cruel and excessive; to make you feel pain for the crime you committed was the ultimate point (Freilich, 2015). If you committed a crime you could be beaten, hanged, tortured or if you stole something, youRead MoreRational Choice Theory Vs Routine Activity Theory1299 Words   |  6 Pagesexamine why a person would commit a crime in the first place. In this paper, I will explain that these two theories are as well as compare and contrast the two theories. Routine Activity Theory was developed by Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen. Routine activity theory helps identify criminal activity and behavior through explanation in crime rate. (Cohen Felson,1979). Cohen and Felson said that the number of possible offenders or offender motivation does not actually affect the crime rate. RoutineRead MoreTheories and Burglary1584 Words   |  7 Pages1970’s meant to explain crime and victimization. The routine activities theory is based off of the assumption made in previous theories such as deterrence and rational choice theory, which offenders rationally think out criminal behaviors before they engage in them. This assumption includes the theory that offenders calculate risks and consequences before committing a crime. The routine activities theory suggests that there are three elements that contribute to whether a crime will be committed or notRead MoreRoutine Activities Theory : The Classical School Of Criminological Theory1354 Words   |  6 PagesRoutine activities theory or RAT was originally proposed by the classical school of criminological theory. Classical school theorists believe that humans are rational individuals who make decisions based on their own free will. In short, humans oftentimes make decisions after taking into consideration the risk versus reward associated with the behavior. Essentially, routine activities theory draws from Amos Hawley’s (1950) theory of human ecology. This theory explores the terrestrial aspects of humanRead MoreCorrections and the Criminal Justice System1166 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribes the punishment of offenders for the crimes they have committed. Corrections does not always mean punishment; in the United States they expect their inmates to read the bible to reflect on their wrongdoings. In the criminal justice system there are three major components: police, courts, and corrections. The police investigate crimes and arrest suspects handing over the evidenc e and investigative information to the court system. Prosecutors determine whether a crime has been committed and ifRead MoreRunning Head:. Response Paper 1 Response Paper 3. Advanced1277 Words   |  6 PagesArizona State University Response Paper Crime in the 20th century has become one of the most widely studied areas of research. Today, I am going to briefly outline some of the theories of crime that are used to study the subject. What I will be evaluating these theories against will be small scale property crime such as theft. Classical theory states that crime is committed when there are more benefits to committing the crime than punishments. It also states that crime is a choice and is done with freeRead MoreThe Theory Of Crime And Crime1260 Words   |  6 PagesResponse Paper Crime in the 20th century has become one of the most widely studied areas of research. Today, I am going too briefly outline some of the theories of crime that are used to study the subject. What I will be evaluating these theories against will be small scale property crime such as theft. Classical theory states that crime is committed when there are more benefits to committing the crime than punishments. 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By studying desistance, there is a better understanding of what causes individuals to commit crime; as well as, a better understanding as to why certain individuals discontinue their lives of crime. The criminal justice field often encompasses, serving justice by locking peopleRead MoreThe Deterrence Theory By Thomas Hobbes1347 Words   |  6 PagesDeterrence Theory then came into play when it was time for a person to take up for their actions that person has caused and, being able to pay the price at hand for what they have done without being able to put the blame on another person or get away with it without being sure that you would also get the proper punishment. The reason why this theory has more than one theorist is due to â€Å" once one looks in detail at cases of international conflict, it becomes apparent that the participants almost never

Equity and trust law assignment, Free Essays

string(148) " is certain because of the fact that it relates to a specific piece of property \(\?500,000\), whilst clauses 1 and 2 are uncertain as they do not\." Question 1 Daniel Smithson and the beneficiaries to the trust may be able to sue Agnes and Brian for breaching their fiduciary duties and thus causing a loss to the beneficiaries; Nocton v Lord Ashburn[1] and Target Holdings v Redferns.[2] This is because under s1 of the Trustee Act (TA) 2000 a duty of care is placed upon trustees to ensure that they exercise reasonable care and skill when managing the trust. Reasonable care and skill does appear to have been exercised when Agnes and Brian used the trust shares in the company to vote the directors out of office and vote themselves onto the board of directors. We will write a custom essay sample on Equity and trust law assignment, or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is because their efforts on behalf of the company were successful and the company’s shares are now worth ?8 instead of ?1. Accordingly, it seems as though their decision to do this can be justified on the basis that they were acting in the best interests of the company; Kirby v Wilkins.[3] Furthermore, although trustees are entitled to â€Å"reasonable remuneration† for their services under ss28-29 TA it is questionable whether ?50,000 is a reasonable amount to be paid. In relation to the ?60,000 that was paid to Doris, a lack of care and skill has been exercised since Agnes and Brian have managed the trust inappropriately. In addition, it cannot be said that they have taken the same precautions as an ordinary prudent man would have taken; Speight v Gaunt[4] and they have clearly treated Doris more favourably than the other beneficiaries. This has caused a loss to the other three beneficiaries and both Agnes and Brian did not have the power authorise such a transa ction until Doris reached the age of 25 since not all of the beneficiaries are of an adult age and so the trust cannot be terminated early; Saunders v Vautier.[5] Agnes and Brian have also breached their duties under the trust in respect of the sale of the trust’s shares in Gormley Iron Steel Plc since there has been a deliberate misapplication of the trust property; Armitage v Nurse.[6] In addition, it cannot be said that Agnes and Brian took all of the necessary precautions that an ordinary prudent man would have taken when exercising the trust fund. Furthermore, the investment that was made in Fleetwood Princess is a breach of their duties under s3(1) TA since it is unlikely that they would have made the same investment had they been absolutely entitled to the trust assets. Thus, it was a risky investment to make and does not satisfy the the â€Å"standard investment criteria† under section 4 (3). In effect, it seems as though the two have acted â€Å"recklessly careless† in making the investment; Re Vickery.[7] Brian has also breached his fiduciary duties in relation to the investment into Drug Star Plc since it was m ade clear in Cowan v Scargill[8] that a trustee must make sure that any investments made are wholly beneficial to the beneficiaries and not themselves. Agnes will also be liable for this breach because â€Å"it is the duty of a trustee personally to run the trust and part of that duty is to observe what the other trustees are doing and intervene if they are doing something wrong†[9] as in Bahin v Hughes.[10] If Agnes and Brian can show that they honestly believed the investments to be good then they may escape liability; Re Smith.[11] Overall, it is unlikely that Agnes and Brian will be able to satisfy the defence that they honestly believed the investments to be good and as such it is likely that they will both be found to be in breach of their fiduciary duties. Question 2 In advising Brian and the trustees as to the validity of the express trust that has been created by Agnes, it must be determined whether the three certainties that are required for a valid trust to be created are present. In Knight v Knight[12] it was held that a trust will only be deemed certain if it can be shown that there is â€Å"certainty of intention to create a trust; certainty of the identity of the subject matter comprising the trust fund; and certainty of the beneficiaries (or objects) of the trust or power in question.† In effect, if any of these three certainties cannot be established then the trust will not be valid as it will be an incomplete trust. In acting with sufficient certainty Agnes must have had the intention to create a valid trust, the trust property must have been easily identified, and the beneficiaries must be sufficiently recognisable.[13] Once it has been shown that the three certainties are present, it must then be considered whether the three t rusts that have been created have been properly constituted and that the formalities have all been complied with. Subsequent to these provisions being complied with, the trustees will then be able to distribute the trust property in accordance with the terms of the will. Thus, as shown in DKLR Holdings Co (No 2) P/L v Commissioner of Stamp Duties;[14] the trustee has at law all the rights of the absolute owner in fee simple, but he is not free to use those rights for his own benefit since equitable obligations require him to use them for the benefit of other persons.† In effect, the trustees will be required to deal with the trust assets in accordance with their equitable duties. It does appear as though there has been a certainty of intention in relation to all three of the clauses under the trust since Agnes has executed a will that has possibly been drafted by a solicitor. Thus, if Agnes did not have the intention to create a trust she would not have gone through the trouble of making a will. Essentially, Agnes’s conduct in making the will demonstrates a clear intention to create a trust. In relation to the certainty of subject matter, it is clear that clause 3 is certain because of the fact that it relates to a specific piece of property (?500,000), whilst clauses 1 and 2 are uncertain as they do not. You read "Equity and trust law assignment," in category "Essay examples" This is because; the distribution of the shares in clauses 1 and 2 cannot be identified. In Re London Wine Co (Shippers) Ltd[15] it was held that; â€Å"to create a trust it must be possible to ascertain with sufficient certainty not only what the interest of the beneficiary is to be but to what property it is to attach.† Therefore, because Agnes failed to identify the amount of shares that was to be used on Charles and Doris, it cannot be said that the subject matter is certain. This was also recognised in MacJordan Construction Ltd v Brookmart Erostin Ltd[16] when it was made clear that trust property needed to be segregated and clearly defined for it to be valid. Accordingly, it is unclear what part of the shares shall be given to Charles and Doris because there is a great deal of uncertainty as to what is meant by the â€Å"lion’s share of the income† and how much of the â€Å"better performing shares† is to be held on trust for Doris. As such, it is likely that the trust will fail. Agnes should have been more specific as to what she meant by the â€Å"lion’s share of the income† and â€Å"the better performing shares† as this would have segregated the amount of shares that were to be used. Hence, as noted in Morice v Bishop of Durham[17]; â€Å"there can be no trust, over the exercise of which this court will not assume control and if there be a clear trust, but for the uncertainty of objects, the property is undisposed of and every trust must have a definite object.† Certainty of subject matter can only be established once it is shown that there is â€Å"certainty of the property that is subject to the obligation that it be held on trust and certainty of the amount or share of the trust property that each beneficiary is to receive.†[18] In Green v Ontario[19] it was shown that for the subject matter to be deemed sufficiently certain there must have been reference to a specific piece of property. This has not been achieved in the instant situation and so the subject matter cannot be deemed certain in clauses 1 and 2. Despite this, the objects in clauses 1 and 2 do appear certain because of the fact that both Charles and Doris have been identified. However, the same cannot be said for clause 3. This is because ?500,000 is left to Agne’s trustees to pay the income to her close relatives as they see fit. A discretionary trust has been created here since Agne’s trustees have been given the absolute discretion to make awards to Doris’ and Agne’s close relatives; Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Trustees of the Peter Clay Discretionary Trust.[20] Consequently, it could be said that clause 3 will also fail on the grounds that its object are uncertain.[21] Nevertheless, if it can be shown that the trust is to benefit individuals who come within a certain class, then so long as the person who the trust is to benefit comes within that particular class then the trust will be valid as in McPhail v Doulton.[22] However, it may be difficult to determine what is meant by â€Å"close relatives† since the trustees may not be aware of how close the relatives needed to be, which can produce a lot of problems. Nevertheless, in Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2)[23] it was stated that if the class of beneficiaries, specified by the settlor, are conceptually certain then the trust will be enforceable. Therefore, since it can be said that the class of beneficiaries that have been stipulated by Agnes are conceptually certain, then it is likely that clause 3 will be valid; Re Erskine 1948 Trust; Gregg and Another v Pigott and Others.[24] Nevertheless, the will can still fail on the grounds that it has not been validly executed. Yet, if it can be shown that all the trust was â€Å"in writing, signed by the testator or by someone in his presence and by his direction and be attested by two witnesses† the will would have been validly executed under s9 of the Wills Act 1837. In addition, as noted by Pearce and Stevens; â€Å"the legal title in some forms of property such as shares or land can only be transferred by registration of the transferee as the new legal owner.†[25] It is questionable whether this has been done as there has been no effective transfer of the shares. Again, it seems as though clauses 1 and 2 will fail on the basis that they are uncertain and that they have not been validly executed since â€Å"equity will not perfect and imperfect gift†. If it could be shown that Agnes done everything in her power to transfer the shares to Charles and Doris then the outcome would be different; Re Rose[26] since â€Å"equity would treat a transfer as complete if the transferor had done everything in his power to transfer the property to the transferee.†[27] There was no evidence to suggest that Agnes had done everything in her power and so clauses 1 and 2 will remain invalid. Overall, it is evident that there was certainty of intention to create the trusts by Agnes because of the fact that she had executed a will to do so. However, clauses 1 and 2 will still fail for lacking certainty of subject matter and for failing to be properly transferred. Although clause 3 appears to lack certainty of objects, the fact that the beneficiaries come from a certain class will render this clause valid. The trustees will only be capable of distributing the trust property in accordance with the terms of the will if it can be shown that the will was validly executed. If this has been established then the Agne’s trustees will be able to distribute the ?500,000 to Doris and Agne’s close relatives as they see fit. The trust property from clauses 1 and 2 will enter into Agne’s estate so that they can be distributed in accordance with the Intestacy Rules. Bibliography Books Clements, R. and Abass, A. Complete Equity and Trusts: Cases and Materials, OUP Oxford, (2008). Gillen. M. R and Woodman. F, The Law of Trusts: A Contextual Approach, Edmond Montgomery Publication, 2nd Edition, (2006). Hayton. D. J and Mitchell. C, Hayton and Marshall: Commentary and Cases on the Law of Trusts and Equitable Remedies, Sweet Maxwell, 12 Edition, (2005). Hudson. A, Equity and Trusts, Routledge-Cavendish, 6th Edition, (2009). Martin, J. E., Hanbury Martin: Modern Equity, (19th edn, Sweet Maxwell, 2012). Pearce. R and Stevens. J, The Law of Trusts and Equitable Obligations, OUP Oxford, 4th Edition, (2006 Cases Armitage v Nurse [1998] Ch 241, 251 Bahin v Hughes [1886] LR 31 Chd 390 Cowan v Scargill [1985] Ch 270 Green v Ontario [1973] 2 OR 396 DKLR Holdings Co (No 2) P/L v Commissioner of Stamp Duties (1980) 1 NSWLR 510 Kirby v Wilkins [1929] Ch 444 Knight v Knight (1840) 3 Beav 148 McPhail v Doulton [1970] 2 All ER 228 MacJordan Construction Ltd v Brookmart Erostin Ltd [1992] BCLC 350 Morice v Bishop of Durham (1804) 9 Ves Jr 399 Nocton v Lord Ashburn [1914] AC 932 Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2) [1972] 2 All ER 1304 Re Erskine 1948 Trust; Gregg and Another v Pigott and Others [2012] 3 All ER 532 Re London Wine Co (Shippers) Ltd [1986] PCC 121 Re Rose [1952] Ch 499 Re Smith [1896] 1 Ch 71 Re Vickery [1931] 1 Ch 572 Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Trustees of the Peter Clay Discretionary Trust [2007] EWHC 2661 (Ch) Saunders v Vautier (1841) EWHC Ch J82 Speight v Gaunt (1883) 9 App Cas 1 Target Holdings v Redferns [1996] 3 WLR 352 How to cite Equity and trust law assignment,, Essay examples

Social Work Therapy free essay sample

This paper analyzes a therapy session with a social worker, illustrating the social workers apparent bias towards one of the patients, and criticizing other practices of the social worker. This paper analyzes a therapy session with a social worker. It speaks of the social workers apparent bias towards one of the patients, and criticizes other practices of the social worker. It goes on to describe certain behavioral therapy techniques that might be appropriate to the case such as rational emotive therapy and family counseling. It also brings in the problem of cross-cultural therapeutic relationships. In seeking to find the best way to work with a patient, sometimes the most important decision that must be made is in selecting the most appropriate framework within with to analyze and treat that patient. This selection must be based both upon the therapists own overarching beliefs on which strategies are in general most helpful and most ethical as well as the particular needs of the patient at hand. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work Therapy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This usually requires extending a high degree of empathy to the client; however when working with more than one client this can prove problematic as was the case here.